Japan Turns to AI to Bridge Language Gaps for Foreign Students: Ambitions, Challenges, and the Road Ahead

Japan’s Bold Move: Using AI to Teach Japanese to Foreign Students

Japan is embarking on a transformative journey to address a growing challenge in its education system: supporting the language and learning needs of children with foreign roots. With the number of students requiring Japanese language instruction at an all-time high—around 69,000 as of May 2023—the Japanese government is turning to generative artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies to bridge the gap. This initiative aims not only to teach Japanese more effectively but also to foster inclusivity and ensure equitable access to quality education for all students, regardless of their backgrounds.

At the heart of this strategy is the development of guidelines for using generative AI in classrooms, not just for language instruction but across various subjects. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) plans to allocate funds in its fiscal 2026 budget to support these efforts, signaling a significant policy shift in response to staff shortages and the increasing diversity of Japan’s student population.

Why Is Japan Turning to AI in Education?

The surge in foreign students in Japanese schools has exposed a critical shortage of teachers and support staff who can accommodate a wide range of native languages, including Portuguese, Chinese, and Spanish. According to government surveys, about 10% of students needing Japanese language support currently receive no assistance, either in class or after school. This gap threatens not only academic achievement but also the social integration of these children.

Generative AI—capable of producing human-like text, translations, and even interactive conversations—offers a scalable solution. By integrating AI-powered translation apps and online teaching platforms, the government hopes to provide personalized, high-quality education that adapts to each student’s needs. The move is part of a broader national strategy to prepare students for a technology-driven world, as outlined in Japan’s Society 5.0 vision, which emphasizes the fusion of digital innovation and social well-being.

Staff Shortages and the Need for Innovation

The shortage of multilingual teachers is not unique to Japan, but the country’s rapidly diversifying classrooms have made the issue particularly acute. Traditional approaches—such as hiring more language instructors or relying on volunteer support—have proven insufficient. AI technologies, by contrast, can offer real-time translation, adaptive learning, and round-the-clock support, making them an attractive option for schools struggling to meet demand.

Expanding Beyond Language: AI Across Subjects

While the immediate focus is on Japanese language instruction, the government’s guidelines will also explore how generative AI can enhance learning in other subjects. This includes using AI to help students grasp complex concepts, participate in group activities, and develop critical thinking skills. The goal is to create an inclusive learning environment where all students can thrive, regardless of their linguistic or cultural backgrounds.

How Will AI Be Integrated Into Japanese Schools?

The Ministry of Education’s plan involves several key components:

• Development of AI-powered translation and learning apps: These tools will help students understand lessons, complete assignments, and communicate with teachers and peers.
• Online teaching platforms: Virtual classrooms and digital resources will supplement in-person instruction, especially where staff shortages are most severe.
• Guidelines for AI use: The ministry will issue detailed protocols covering teaching methods, data privacy, ethical considerations, and the integration of AI into various subjects.
• Collaboration and training: Research will be conducted on effective collaboration between teachers, language instructors, and native language support staff. Teacher training programs will be expanded to ensure educators can use AI tools effectively and responsibly.

These measures are designed to ensure that AI complements, rather than replaces, human educators. The emphasis is on using technology to enhance learning outcomes while maintaining the essential role of teachers in guiding, motivating, and supporting students.

Protecting Student Privacy and Ensuring Ethical Use

One of the central pillars of Japan’s AI education guidelines is the protection of student data and privacy. Schools will be required to comply with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, and AI tools will be carefully vetted to minimize risks related to data breaches, algorithmic bias, and inappropriate content. Teachers and students will receive training on safe and responsible AI use, including the importance of not inputting personal information into AI systems.

Modernizing Assessment and Learning Methods

The integration of AI is also prompting a shift away from rote memorization and standardized testing toward more dynamic, performance-based assessments. Students will be encouraged to use AI tools for research, collaboration, and creative problem-solving, with teachers evaluating not just the final product but the process and critical thinking involved.

Opportunities and Benefits: What Can AI Offer Foreign Students?

AI technologies have the potential to revolutionize the educational experience for international and foreign-background students in several ways:

• Personalized Learning: AI-powered platforms can adapt to each student’s proficiency level, learning style, and pace, providing tailored exercises and feedback.
• Real-time Translation and Communication: Translation apps and chatbots can break down language barriers, enabling students to participate more fully in class discussions and group projects.
• Administrative Support: Automated systems can streamline enrollment, scheduling, and communication with parents, reducing bureaucratic hurdles for families new to Japan.
• Cultural Adaptation: AI-driven tools can help students navigate cultural differences, understand local customs, and build confidence in new environments.

These benefits are not limited to language learning. As AI becomes more deeply embedded in the curriculum, students will gain valuable digital literacy skills, preparing them for future careers in a globalized, technology-driven economy.

International Collaboration and Leadership

Japan’s efforts are part of a broader trend among developed countries to leverage AI for inclusivity and educational innovation. International partnerships—such as the Japan–U.S. Global Leadership Program in the Age of Artificial Intelligence—are fostering cross-cultural exchanges and joint research on best practices. These collaborations aim to develop globally competent leaders equipped with advanced AI and data literacy skills.

Risks and Challenges: What Are the Concerns?

While the promise of AI in education is significant, experts caution that its implementation must be carefully managed to avoid unintended consequences.

Overreliance on AI and Language Acquisition

Some educators warn that excessive dependence on AI tools for translation and writing may hinder the development of critical language skills. As noted by language learning experts, using AI for every task can reduce the mental effort required to construct sentences and understand grammar, potentially slowing true language acquisition. Engaging with native-level content and interacting with human speakers remain essential for building fluency and cultural understanding.

Accuracy and the Risk of Misinformation

Generative AI systems are not infallible. Studies have shown that students can be deceived by AI-powered educational robots, especially when these systems provide incorrect or misleading information. For example, research involving Japanese middle school students found that most were unable to detect when a social robot gave false answers, raising concerns about the spread of misinformation in classrooms. To mitigate these risks, experts recommend using AI tools with clear safeguards, such as limiting persuasive features and ensuring that educational scripts are thoroughly vetted.

Data Privacy, Bias, and Ethical Considerations

AI systems rely on vast amounts of data, raising questions about privacy, consent, and potential bias. Schools must ensure that student information is protected and that AI algorithms do not inadvertently reinforce stereotypes or disadvantage certain groups. The government’s guidelines will address these issues, but ongoing vigilance and transparency will be required as technology evolves.

Teacher Preparedness and Parental Concerns

Surveys indicate that many Japanese teachers feel underprepared to teach AI concepts or to integrate these technologies into their classrooms. Comprehensive training and professional development are essential to build confidence and competence among educators. Parents, too, have expressed anxiety about the use of AI in schools, particularly regarding data security and the potential for inappropriate content. Open communication and community engagement will be crucial to building trust and addressing these concerns.

Japan’s AI Education Strategy in a Global Context

Japan’s initiative to use AI for teaching foreign students is part of a larger movement among developed nations to harness technology for educational equity and innovation. Countries like Finland, Singapore, and the United States are also investing in AI-driven platforms, adaptive learning systems, and teacher training programs. However, challenges such as the digital divide, infrastructure gaps, and cultural resistance persist worldwide.

Japan’s approach is notable for its emphasis on inclusivity, ethical use, and collaboration among stakeholders. By prioritizing teacher training, data privacy, and the responsible deployment of AI, Japan aims to set a model for other countries grappling with similar challenges.

Higher Education and the Future of Learning

Japanese universities are also exploring the transformative potential of AI. At Keio University, for example, initiatives are underway to integrate AI into research, teaching, and student support services. University leaders emphasize that while AI can act as a powerful assistant, true educational value comes from understanding how to use these tools effectively and ethically. Human qualities such as empathy, cooperation, and trustworthiness will remain essential, even as technology reshapes the landscape of higher education.

Looking Ahead: The Road to Inclusive, AI-Enhanced Education

The Japanese government’s plan to use AI for teaching Japanese to foreign students marks a significant step toward a more inclusive and technologically advanced education system. By addressing staff shortages, leveraging digital innovation, and prioritizing ethical considerations, Japan is positioning itself at the forefront of global efforts to harness AI for social good.

However, the journey is just beginning. Success will depend on careful implementation, ongoing research, and a commitment to balancing technological progress with the human touch that lies at the heart of effective education. As Japan moves forward, its experiences will offer valuable lessons for countries around the world seeking to build more equitable, resilient, and future-ready schools.

In Summary

• Japan is launching a major initiative to use generative AI and digital technologies to teach Japanese to foreign students, addressing staff shortages and rising diversity in schools.
• Guidelines will cover not only language instruction but also the integration of AI across subjects, with a strong focus on data privacy, ethics, and teacher training.
• AI offers opportunities for personalized learning, real-time translation, and cultural adaptation, but experts caution against overreliance and highlight the need for safeguards against misinformation and bias.
• Teacher preparedness and parental concerns are being addressed through training and open communication, while international collaborations are fostering best practices.
• Japan’s approach could serve as a model for other countries seeking to create inclusive, AI-enhanced education systems that balance innovation with human values.